I’ve done some homeworks:
Effect of aging on penile ultrastructure
Zhou-Jun SHEN, Xiao-Dong JIN, Zhao-Dian CHEN, Yuan-He SHI
Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
310003, China
Asian J Androl 2001 Dec; 3: 281-284
Abstract
Aim: To clarify whether there are anatomical changes in tunica albuginea and corpora cavernosa in
aged rats. Methods: Seventeen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups based on age.
Group A consisted of young rats (9 weeks), Group B, middle aged rats (14 weeks) and Group C, old
rats (62 weeks). The penile samples were obtained and observed under a scanning electron microscope.
Results: The thickness (mean±SD) of the tunica albuginea was 0.14±0.02, 0.16±0.03 and 0.06±0.02 mm
in Groups A, B and C, respectively. The tunica albuginea of group C was significantly thinner than
those of the other two groups (P<0.05) and the elastic fibers were diminished in the old rats. In
the corpora cavernosa of old rats, the intracavernous pillars were irregular, in which many large
collagen fibers could be observed, and the smooth muscle and elastic fibers were reduced.
Conclusion: In old rats, the tunica albuginea became thinner with diminished elastic fibers; the
collagen fibers of corpora cavernosa were increased while the smooth muscle and elastic fibers were
reduced.
……………..
Jevtich[8] reported that there were more interstitial matrix and fewer smooth muscle cells in the
corporeal tissue of impotent individuals compared to normal men. Wespes[9] measured the percentage
of smooth muscle cells in patients of different ages with normal erection, using computerized image
analysis. Under 40 years of age, the percentage was 46%, between 41 and 60 years it was 40%, and
over 60 years it was 35%. The authors suggested that the decrease in smooth muscle content would
have caused the decline in erection in older men. In the present study, the reduction of smooth
muscle fibers in the elderly rats may affect the sinusoidal relaxation and arterial dilatation.
Immunocytochemical and quantitative study of the tunica albuginea testis in young and ageing men
Journal Histochemistry and Cell Biology
Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN 0948-6143 (Print) 1432-119X (Online)
Issue Volume 107, Number 6 / June, 1997
Pages 469-477
Authors
M. Isabel Arenas1, Fermín R. Bethencourt2, Benito Fraile1, R. Paniagua1
1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid),
Spain
2Department of Urology, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
Abstract
A light and electron microscope immunohistochemical study of the tunica albuginea from both young
and elderly men was carried out to determine the distribution of the cells that contain actin,
vimentin and/or desmin, and to evaluate the possible variations with ageing by means of quantitative
studies. Testicular volume and testicular parenchyma volume decreased significantly with age whereas
the tunica albuginea volume remained unchanged. These results agree with the scanty quantitative
changes observed in the testicular connective tissue with age, and the notion that age-related
changes in testicular volume are principally restricted to the seminiferous tubules. Three
connective tissue layers could be distinguished in the tunica albuginea in both young and elderly
men. The middle and inner layers increased in width with age while the width of the outer layer
decreased. The average width of the tunica albuginea increased significantly with ageing. The tunica
albuginea of young men and elderly men presented two types of fusiform cells: (1) fibroblast-like
cells, which immunoreacted to actin and vimentin, but not to desmin; and (2) myoid cells, which
immunoreacted to actin, vimentin and desmin. In both young men and elderly men, the total number of
desmin-positive cells (myoid cells) was significantly lower than that of fibroblasts. However, the
total number of desmin-positive cells was significantly increased in ageing men. In young testes,
desmin-positive cells were more abundant in the outer layer of the tunica albuginea, whereas in
elderly men these cells predominated in the middle layer. The increased desmin immunoexpression in
the tunica albuginea of ageing men contrasts with the decrease in desmin immunoreaction in other
myoid cells of the testis, the peritubular myoid cells, but only in seminiferous tubules that showed
severe germ cell depletion. This suggests that changes in intermediate filament immunoexpression in
peritubular cells are focalised, and thus, under local control, whereas changes in the tunica
albuginea cells are generalised and possibly related to factors also affecting the connective tissue
in other organs
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