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Heat may cause permanent testicular damage

12

Heat may cause permanent testicular damage

Most of what I have read about the effect of heat on the testes refers to damage to sperm. This, of course, is only temporary - the lifecycle of sperm is around 64 days, and new sperm are being created all the time.

However, out of an abundance of caution, I decided to do a bit more research and came across a review of studies regarding the effects of heat on the testes of mammals. I included a few excerpts below:

Quote
The effects of heat on the testes of mammals
B.P. Setchell
Anim. Reprod., v.3, n.2, p.81-91, April/June. 2006

Although many authors believe that the effects of heat are fully reversible, there is now evidence of long-term effects, following either locally applied heat or temporary induced cryptorchidism. These long-term effects appear to be different from those seen following irradiation, and may indicate a failure of Sertoli cell function.

Most techniques have been shown to affect principally primary spermatocytes and early spermatids, but there is some evidence for effects on spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells and androgen secretion do not appear to be directly affected.

However, other recent evidence has been obtained that there may be much more long-term effects of heat than previously thought. Furthermore, the effects of heat may not be confined to cell death in the testis and the consequent fall in sperm numbers in semen, but the sperm produced may be less capable of fertilization and the production of normal embryos.

In other words, locally applied heat may cause long-term damage to cells responsible for creating sperm, but it does not appear to to affect cells responsible for hormone production. Therefore, pointing a heat source directly at your balls may not be a good idea if you want to have kids in the future.

I have attached the fully study.

Attached Files
heat_testes_mammals_study.pdf
(149.8 KB, 14 views)

Start 11/30/17: 6” BPEL, 4.25" MSEG - My Progress Report

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Amazing, exactly what I needed for then.

Aniway this is not true at all.

Originally Posted by Accro
Aniway this is not true at all.

If you would like to support this statement with some sort of evidence, I’m all ears.

Otherwise, I’m included to believe the study I attached that cited the references below.

I noticed the attachment still says:
heat_testes_mammals_study.pdf
(149.8 KB, 0 views)

Perhaps it might be helpful for you to actually look at the study before forming an opinion.

Quote
Aizawa S, Nishimune Y. 1979. In-vitro differentiation of type A spermatogonia in mouse cryptorchid testis. J Reprod Fertil, 56:99-104.

Allan DJ, Harmon BV, Kerr JFR. 1987.Cell death in spermatogenesis. In: Potten CS. (Ed.). Perspectives on mammalian cell death. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.229-258.

Almon E, Goldfinger N, Kapon A, Schwartz D, Levine AJ, Rotter V. 1993. Testicular tissue-specific expression of the p53 suppressor gene. Dev Biol, 156:107-116.

Arman C, Quintana Casares PI, Sanchez Partida LG, Setchell BP. 2006. Ram sperm motility after intermittent scrotal insulation evaluated by manual and computer-assisted methods. Asian J Androl, 8:411-418.Bailey RW, Aronow B, Harmony JAK, Griswold MD. 2002. Heat shock-initiated apoptosis is accelerated and removal of damaged cells is delayed in the testis of clusterin/ApoJ knock-out mice. Biol Reprod, 66:10421053.

Banks S, King SA, Irvine DS, Saunders PTK. 2005. Impact of a mild scrotal heat stress on DNA integrity in murine spermatozoa. Reproduction, 129:505-514. Biggiogera M, Tanguay RM, Marin R, Wu Y, Martin TE, Fakan S. 1996. Localization of heat shock proteins in mouse male germ cells: an immunoelectron microscopical study. Exp Cell Res, 229:77-85. Boekelheide K, Eveleth J, Hall SJ. 1990. Experimental cryptorchidism protects against long-term 2,5-hexanedione testicular germ cell loss in the rat. J Androl, 11:105-112.

Bowler K. 1972. The effect of repeated applications of heat on spermatogenesis in the rat: a histological study. J Reprod Fértil, 28:325-333.

Brito LFC, Silva AEDF, Barbosa RT, Kastelic JP. 2004. Testicular thermoregulation in Bos indicus, crossbred and Bos taurus bulls: relationship with scrotal, testicular vascular cone and testicular morphology, and effects on semen quality and sperm production. Theriogenology. 61:511-528.

Brito LFC, Silva AEDF, Marbosa RT, Unanian MM, Kastelic JP. 2003. Effects of scrotal insulation on sperm production, semen quality and testicular echotexture in Bos indicus and Bos indicus x Bos Taurus bulls. Anim Reprod Sci, 79:1-15.

Brito LFC, Silva AEDF, Rodrigues LH, Vieira FV, Deragon LAG, Kastelic JP. 2002. Effect of age and genetic group on characteristics of the scrotum, testes and testicular vascular cones, and on sperm production and semin quality in AI bulls in Brazil. Theriogeneology, 58:1175-1186.

Cui ZG, Kondo T, Matsumoto H. 2006. Enhancement of apoptosis by nitric oxide release from -phenyl-tertbutyl nitrone under hyperthermic conditions. J Cell Physiol, 206:468-476.

Dasdag S, Ketani MA, Akdag Z, Ersay AR, Sari I, Demirtas OC, Celik MS. 1999. Whole body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and testicular function of rats. Urol Res, 27:219-223. Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Aksen F, Yilmaz F, Bashan M, Dasdag MM, Cellik MS. 2003. Whole body exposure of rats to microwaves emitted from a cell phone does not affect the testes. Bioelectomagnetics, 24:182-188.

DeFoor WR, Kuan CY, Pinkerton M, Sheldon CA, Lewis AG. 2004. Modulation of germ cell apoptosis with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in a murine model of congenital cryptorchidism. J Urol, 172:1731-1735. Dix DJ. 1997. Hsp70 expression and function during gametogenesis. Cell stress Chaperones, 2:73-77.

Dix DJ, Allen JW, Collins BW, Mori C, Nakamura N, Poorman-Alen P, Goulding EF, Eddy EM. 1996. Targeted gene disruption of Hsp70-2 results in failedmeiosis, germ cell apoptosis and male infertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93:3264-3268.

Dix DJ, Allen JW, Collins BW, Poorman-Allen P, Mori C, Blizard DR, Brown PR, Goulding EH, Srong BD, Eddy EM. 1997. HSP70-2 is required for desynapsis of synaptonemal complexs during meiotic prophase in juvenile and adult mouse spermatocytes. Development, 124:4595-4603.

Elfving G. 1950. Effects of the local application of heat on the physiology of the testis an experimental study in rats. Helsinki, Finland: Veterinary College. Thesis. Evenson DP, Jost LK, Corzett M, Balhorn R. 2000. Characteristics of human sperm chromatin structure following an episode of influenza and high fever: a case study. J Androl, 21:739-746.

Fleming JS, Yu F, McDonald RM, Meters SA, Montgomery GW, Smith JF, Nicholson HD. 2004. Effects of scrotal heating on sperm surface protein PH20 expression in sheep. Mol Reprod Dev, 68:103-114. Fujisawa M, Matsumoto O, Kamidono S, Hirose F, Kojima K, Yoshida S. 1988. Changes of enzymes involved in DNA synthesis in the testes of cryptorchid rats. J Reprod Fertil, 84:123-130.

Galil KAA, Setchell BP. 1988. Effects of local heating of the testis on testicular blood flow and testosterone secretion in the rat. Int J Androl, 11:73-85.

Gunn SA, Gould TC, Anderson WAD. 1961. The effect of microwave radiation on morphology and function of rat testis. Lab Invest, 10:301-314.

Hagenas L, Ritzen EM. 1976. Impaired Sertoli cell function in experimental cryptorchidism in the rat. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 4:25-34.

Haneji S, Nishimune Y. 1982. Hormones and the differentiation of type A spermatogonia in mouse cryptorchid testes incubated in vitro. J Endocrinol, 94:43-50.

Ikeda M, Kodama H, Fukuda J, Shimizu Y, Murata M, Kumagai J, Tanaka T. 1999. Role of radical oxygen species in rat testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by heat stress. Biol Reprod, 61:393-399.

Imig CJ, Thomson JD, Hines HM. 1948. Testicular degeneration as a result of microwave irradiation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 69:382.

Ishii T, Matsuki S, Iuchi Y, Okada F, Toyosaki S, Tomita Y, Ikeda Y, Fujii J. 2005. Accelerated impairment of spermatogenic cells in SOD1-knockout mice under heat stress. Free Radic Res, 39:697-705. Ishikawa T, Kondo Y, Goda K, Fujisawa M. 2005. Overexpression fo endothelil nitric oxide synthase in transgenic mice accelerate testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism. J Androl, 26:281-288.

Itoh H, Tashima Y. 1990. A novel testis-specific 105kDa protein related to the 90-kDa heat-shock protein. Eur J Biochem, 193:429-435.

Itoh H, Tashima Y. 1991.Different expression time of the 105-kDa protein and 90-kDa heat-shock protein in rat testis. FEBS Lett, 289:110-112

Kandeel FR, Swerdloff RS. 1988. Role of temperature in regulation of spermatogenesis and the use of heating as a method for contraception. Fertil Steril, 49:1-23. Kanwar KC, Bawa SR, Singal PK. 1974. Testicular hyperthermic shocks and the boundary tissue of the semiferous tubules in rats. J Reprod Fertil, 41:201-204. Karabinus DS, Vogler CJ, Saacke RG, Evenson DP. 1997. Chromatin structural changes in sperm after scrotal insulation of Holstein bulls. J Androl, 18:549-555.

Karpe B, Ploen L, Hagenas L, Ritzen EM. 1981. Recovery of testicular functions after surgical treatment of experimental cryptorchidism in the rat. Int J Androl, 4:145-160.

Kastelic JP, Coulter GH, Cook RB. 1996a. Scrotal surface, subcutaneous, intratesticular, and intraepididymal temperatures in bulls. Theriogeneology, 44:147-152.

Kastelic JP, Cook RB, Coulter GH. 1996b. Contribution of the scrotum and testes to scrotal and testicular thermoregulation in bulls and rams. J Reprod Fertil, 108:81-85.

Kastelic JP, Cook RB, Coulter GH. 1997a Contribution of the scrotum, testes, and testicular artery to scrotal/testicular thermoregulation in bulls at two ambient temperatures. Anim Reprod Sci, 45:255-261. Kastelic JP, Cook RB, Coulter GH, Saacke RG. 1997b. Insulating the scrotal neck affects semen quality and scrotal/testicular temperatures in the bull. Theriogeneology, 45:935-942.

Kazusa K, Namik Y, Asano A, Kon Y, Endoh D, Agui T. 2004. Difference in spermatogenesis in cryptorchid testes among various strains of mice. Comp Méd, 54:179-184.

Kodama H, Yamaguchi R, Fujuda J, Kasai H, Tanaka T. 1997. Increase oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the spermatozoa of infertile male patients. Fertil Steril, 68:519-524.

Kon Y. 2005. Morphogenetic invstigation of metaphase-specific cell death in meiotic spermatocytes in mice. Anat Sci Int, 80:141-152.

Kon Y, Endoh D. 2001. Heat-shock resistance in experimental cryptorchid testis of mice. Mol Reprod Dev, 58:216-222.

Kowalczuk CI, Saunders RD, Stapleton HR. 1983. Sperm count and sperm abnormality in male mice after exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation. Mutation Res, 122:155-161.

Kumagai J, Fukuda J, Kodama H, Murata M, Kawamura K, Itoh H, Tanaka T. 2000.Germ cellspecific heat shock protein 105 binds to p53 in a temperature-sensitive manner in rat testis. Eur J Biochem, 267:3073-3078.

Kumagai A, Kodama H, Kumagai J, Fukuda J, Kawamura K, Tanikawa H, Sato N, Tanaka T. 2002. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors suppress testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism. Mol Hum Reprod. 8:118-123.

Lee J, Richburg JH, Shipp EB, Meistrich ML,Boekelheide K. 1999. The Fas system, a regulator of testicular germ cell apoptosis, is differentially upregulated in Sertoli cell versus germ cell injury in the testis. Endocrinology, 140:852-858.

Lue Y, Sinha Hikim AP, Wang C, Leung A, Swerdloff RS. 2003. Functional role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the induction of male germ cell apoptosis, regulation of sperm number and determination of testes size: Evidence from null mutant mice. Endocrinology, 144:3092-3100.

Lue Y, Sinha Hikim AP, Wang C, Im M, Leung A, Swerdloff RS. 2000. Testicular heat exposure enhances the suppression of spermatogenesis by testosterone in rats: the “two-hit” approach to male contraceptive development. Endocrinology, 141:1414-1424.

Lue Y, Lasley BL, Laughlin LS, Swerdloff RS, Sinha Hikim AP, Leung A, Overstreet JW, Wang C. 2002. Mild testicular hyperthermia induces profound transitional spermatogenic suppression through increased germ cell apoptosis in adult Cynomolgus monkeys. J Androl, 23:799-805.

Lue Y, Sinha Hikim AP, Swerdloff RS, Im P, Taing KS, Bui T, Leung A, Wang C. 1999. Single exposure to heat induced stage-specific germ cell apoptosis in rats: Rrole of intratesticular testosterone on stage specificity. Endocrinology, 140:1709-1717.

Lue Y, Wang C, Liu YX, Sinha Hikim AP, Zhang XS, Ng CM, Hu ZY, Li YC, Leung A, Swerdloff RS. 2006. Transient testicular warming enhances the suppressive effect of testosterone on spermatogenesis in adult Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91:539-545.

Maloney SK, Mitchell D. 1996. Regualtion of ram scrotal temperature during heat exposure, cold exposure, fever and exercise. J Physiol, 496:421-430.

Maloney SK, Bonomelli JM, DeSouza J. 2003. Scrotal heating stimulates panting and reduces body temperature similarly in febrile and non-febrile rams (Ovis aries). Comp Biiochem Physiol A, 135:565-573. Mann SL, Patton WC, King A, Chan PJ. 2002. Comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of sperm DNA apoptosis after exposure to heat shock. J Assist Reprod Genet, 19:195-2000 Marigold JCL, Hume SP, Hand JW. 1985. Investigation of thermotolerance in mouse testis. Int J Radiat Biol, 48:589-595.

Matsuki S, Iuchi Y, Ikeda Y. Sasagawa I, Tomita Y, Fujii J. 2003. Suppression of cytochrome c release and apoptosis in testes with heat stress by minocycline. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 312:843-849 Mieusset R, Qunitana Casares P, Sanchez Partida LG, Sowerbutts SF, Zupp JL, Setchell BP. 1992. The effects of heating the testes and epididymides of rams by scrotal insulation on fertility and embryonic mortality in ewes inseminated with frozen semen. J Reprod Fertil, 94:337-343.

Morgenthaler A, Stahl BC, Yin Y. 1999. Testis and temperature: an historical, clinical and researchperspective. J Androl, 20:189-195.

Mu XM, Liu YX, Collins LL, Kim E, Chang C. 2000. The p53/retinoblastoma-mediated repression of testicular orphan receptor-2 in the rhesus monkey with cryptorchidism. J Biol Chem, 275:23877-23883. Murashev AN. 1984. Effect of adrenaline on the postheat damage to the spermatogenic function in rats (in Russian). Biull Eksp Biol Med, 97:471-472 Namiki Y, Kon Y, Kazusa K, Asano A, Sasaki N, Agui T. 2005. Quantitative trait loci analysis of heat stress resistance of spermatocytes in the MRL/MpJ mouse. Mammal Genome, 16:96-102.

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Nishimune Y, Haneji T. 1981. Testicular DNA synthesis in vivo: Comparison between unilaterally cryptorchid testis and contralateral intact testis in mouse. Arch Androl, 6:61-65.

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Setchell BP, Ploen L, Ritzen EM. 2001. Reduction of long-term effects of local heating of the testis by treatment of rats with a GnRH agonist and an antiandrogen. Reproduction, 122:255-263.

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Zhang ZH, Hu, ZY, Song, XX, Xiao LJ, Zou RJ, Han CS, Liu YX. 2004. Disrupted expression of intermediate filaments in the testis of the rhesus monkey after experimental cryptorchidism. Int J Androl, 27:234-239. Zhang RD, Wen XH, Jong LS, Deng XZ, Peng B, Huang AP, Wan Y, Yang ZW. 2002. A quantitative (stereological) study of the effects of experimental unilateral cryptorchidism and subsequent orchidopexy on spermatogenesis in adult rabbit testis. Reproduction, 124:95-105.

Zhang XS, Lue YH, Guo SH, Yuan JX, Hu ZY, Han CS, Sinha Hikim AP, Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Liu YX. 2005. Expression of HSP105 and HSP60 during germ cell apoptosis in the heat-treated testes of adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Front Biosci, 10:3110-3121.

Zhang XS, Yuan JX, Liu T, Lue YH, Jin X, Tao SX, Hu ZY, Sinha Hikim AP, Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Lie YX. 2006a. Expression of orphan receptrs TR2, TR3 TR4 and p53 in heat-treated testis of cynomolgus mokeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Androl, 27:405-413. Zhang XS, Zhang ZH, Jin X, Wei P, Hu XQ, Chan M, Lu CL, Lue YH, Hu ZY, Sinha Hikim AP, Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Liu YX. 2006b. Dedifferentiation of adult monkey Sertoli cells through activation of extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2 induced by heat treatment. Endocrinology, 147:12371245.

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Start 11/30/17: 6” BPEL, 4.25" MSEG - My Progress Report

Latest 1/29/20: 7" BPEL, 4.75" MSEG - My Progress Photos

Some of the old vets used to recommend a simple white cloth or paper tower draped over the balls. Anything white will reflect most of the heat, I’ve tried it before.

I never thought it was a big deal, assuming the heat didn’t penetrate deep enough to make a difference. And also thinking about men who live in equatorial climates who probably spend most of the year with testicle temperatures around what I”m hanging at.

But after looking at that study, and a few others quickly online, I’m going to start using the paper towel method. It didn’t take much extra heat to make significant differences in some of those animals’ sperm, and it only takes a second to put the paper tower in place.

I’ve done several hundred if not over a thousand hours with no heat protection. Doesn’t make much if any difference in semen production, but here’s hoping I’m still fertile.


Before 5.5" x 4.1" ///////// Now 7.4" x 4.9"

Immediately after reading the study, I started using a white stock. It seemed to get the job done. However, my inner thighs were still getting cooked. I decided to get creative and spend $15 on the heat reflective fleece linked in my post above.


Start 11/30/17: 6” BPEL, 4.25" MSEG - My Progress Report

Latest 1/29/20: 7" BPEL, 4.75" MSEG - My Progress Photos

For testicles protection the cover up material should be reflective, right?

My line of thinking is that most materials tends to absorb the radiation, bumping the inner temperature as well, depending on the material, even higher than naked.

With that in mind, we can start to think about replacements for lamp heater, like fabric steamer devices.


Start 6.8” x 4.7” (4.9" BEG)

Latest 8.2” x 5.1” (5.3" BEG)

My pictures

Originally Posted by Lenny
For testicles protection the cover up material should be reflective, right?

My line of thinking is that most materials tends to absorb the radiation, bumping the inner temperature as well, depending on the material, even higher than naked.

With that in mind, we can start to think about replacements for lamp heater, like fabric steamer devices.

White fabric should be reflective enough, at least according to firegoat and other vets. I decided to go with heat reflective fabric just to be safe.


Start 11/30/17: 6” BPEL, 4.25" MSEG - My Progress Report

Latest 1/29/20: 7" BPEL, 4.75" MSEG - My Progress Photos

I should remember to give a caveat when I recommend constant heat. I had a vasectomy before I started PE, so it’s not an issue for me.


Started 7.75x5.75

Currently: 9.75bpX6.75eg My Picture Thread

Goal:10.0bpX7.25mseg Building a thicker unit, click by click, pump by pump, jelq by jelq!

Well i dont think that heating for a short period of time like we do multiple times a day makes a difference, but again its just an opinion even if could be wrong.

Furthermore, if you stop heating i’m pretty positive you will be back to normality quite soon in terms of fertility, not to mention that having less strenght in being fertile has a lot of positive sides as well ahah.

I heat without protection from 5 years, i’m 26, never came so hard like i do right now compared to years ago, so will definetly continue this way.

Originally Posted by Accro
Well i dont think that heating for a short period of time like we do multiple times a day makes a difference, but again its just an opinion even if could be wrong.

You bring up a good point in that duration of heat application probably matters. However, your opinion is directly contradicted by the studies: “Isolated cells from 40 day-old rats also showed apoptosis when the culture temperature was raised from 32.5 o C to 43 o C for one hour, followed by a return to 32.5 o C for another 24h.”

Granted, this is an in vitro study using rat cells rather than an in vivo study on humans. Still, I like to form my opinions based on facts, not feelings - especially when it comes to my balls.

Originally Posted by Accro
Furthermore, if you stop heating i’m pretty positive you will be back to normality quite soon in terms of fertility, not to mention that having less strenght in being fertile has a lot of positive sides as well ahah.

I heat without protection from 5 years, i’m 26, never came so hard like i do right now compared to years ago, so will definetly continue this way.

You’re “pretty positive” based on what? I’m not trying to be an asshole here, in line with our “debate the idea, don’t attack the poster” guideline. That said, you’re trying to refute a study without offering any sort of support for what you are saying.

Originally Posted by Accro
I heat without protection from 5 years, i’m 26, never came so hard like i do right now compared to years ago, so will definetly continue this way.

How hard you come often has nothing to do with your fertility the health of your sperm. It has more to do with hormonal factors. As stated in the original post, “Most techniques have been shown to affect principally primary spermatocytes and early spermatids, but there is some evidence for effects on spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells and androgen secretion do not appear to be directly affected.

The title of this thread is “Heat may cause permanent testicular damage.”
In the first post, I quoted a study and said the following: “In other words, locally applied heat may cause long-term damage to cells responsible for creating sperm…Therefore, pointing a heat source directly at your balls may not be a good idea if you want to have kids in the future.”

I did not say “any amount of heat will definitely cause permanent damage to your balls” or “do not use heat for PE.”

I simply referenced a study and pointed out the risks. If, for whatever reason, you choose not to believe the study, that’s fine. I still think it’s a valid concern that should be brought to the attention of Thunder’s members so they can weigh the risks and make an informed decision. I also think it would be helpful to support your opinion with facts, especially when encouraging something that has the potential to cause permanent damage. Just my $0.02.


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Sorry to long to read, have a good day.

Originally Posted by lifestyle

In other words, locally applied heat may cause long-term damage to cells responsible for creating sperm,

That’s real bad news.

Originally Posted by Accro
Sorry to long to read, have a good day.

Dude up your moderator game. Read the response!


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Originally Posted by Titleist
Dude up your moderator game. Read the response!

It was an ironic response to the fact the he is so worried about proving he is right to me when i don’t even care or believe about this stuff.

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