Originally Posted by capernicus1
Well I hope this question is on topic !Can anyone answer this ?
Given that connective tissue is a viscoelastic material does strain increase as a function of time if stress remains constant ?
So hypothetically if hanging 20lbs for 30mins reaches a strain of 3% can you get to 4% by just hanging longer at the same weight ?
I apologise if this is really obvious but I’ve learnt to double check things.
Thanks.
See if this answers your question:
"Stress/relaxation occurs if a tendon or ligament is held at a constant length (strain) by a load (stress), and the stress required to maintain that strain decreases (Fig 33-21). This decreases rapidly during the first 6 to 8 hours of loading and then more slowly over the next few months.".
So, given the relations between load and strain, it makes sense that if a lower load is required to held the tissue at the same length, the same load will stretch the tissu further. How much further? Here comes elasticiy: the tissue will stretch easily a bit further for a small range, then you’ll need a way bigger force.
"Because of their elasticity, tendons are more deformable at low strain rates. Therefore, the tendons absorb more energy but are less effective in transferring loads. At high strain rates, tendons become less deformable with a high degree of stiffness and are more effective in moving large loads."
Another problem is that, again, we are not dealing with inanimate things; most of curves you are going to see illustrate the behavior of connective tissue in a span of few cycles or hours, not a span of weeks or months:
"Tendons are living tissue and respond to mechanical forces by changing the metabolism as well as their structural and mechanical properties. For example, tendons exhibit increase cross sectional area and tensile strength, with increased tendon fibroblast production of collagen type I in response to appropriate physical training. However, inappropriate physical training leads to tendon overuse injuries or tendonopathy and excessive repetitive stretching of tendon fibroblast increases the production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. The ability of connective tissues like tendons to alter their structure in response to mechanical loading is referred to as tissue mechanical adaptation."
http://www.shou lderdoc.co.uk/a … sp?article=1029
I think we have basically two strategies: 1) apply a low load to overcome the elastic behavior of connective tissue and stretch it longer easily; b) applying big forces with low frequency, so that gaps in the tissue are filled:
" Collagen fiber and fibril damage above the damage threshold. After axial tissue strains were induced in medial collateral ligaments, control tissues (0% strain; A, C, D) possess normal microstructure, while tissues stretched above the defined damaged threshold for rat MCL (∼5% or 40–60% of the failure strain) show collagen fiber and fibril damage, disorganized fibril organization, and ruptured fibrils (B, E–H). (A) Control tissue. (B) Tissue stretched to 7.7% strain showing collagen fiber damage. (C, D) Control ligaments displaying normal fibril organization and morphology. (E) Tissue stretched to 7.7% strain revealing a region in which collagen fibril morphology and organization appear normal (the collagen fiber that contains this region appeared intact). (F)
Tissue stretched to 6.7% strain showing substantial fibril disorganization (the fiber that contains this region was ruptured indicating a possible retraction of fibrils). (G–H) Tissue stretched to 5.8% strain displaying collagen fibril rupture (the fiber containing this region appeared intact). Hence, shortly after injury some fibers are intact and appear normal, some fibers are completely ruptured and a ‘gap’ exists between ruptured fibers, and additionally some fibers are intact but contain ruptured collagen fibrils that contain a ‘gap’ between ruptured fibril ends.
As such, if the tissue gap remains and is present when new tissue ‘fills in’ without substantial contracture, the repaired fiber or fibril would be longer than its pre-injury length and as such it will be more lax."
http://www.scie ncedirect.com/s … 945053X04001210
Note that ‘more lax, when applied to the penis, means near for sure temporary erectyle disfuntion. Note also that we are speaking of sub-failure damage of connective tissue, not a complete rupture.