Keeping the testicles intact.
TESTICULAR SAFETY ISSUES
There have been some discussion about the potential adverse effects of ultrasound had the testicles been exposed to it.
Every ultrasound manual and safety instruction tells not to use ultrasound on reproductive organs.
Main Safety Notions
Testes will be affected of ultrasound exposure thats for sure. If the risk in our application is real avoiding any direct exposure remains unknown.
The direct exposure levels needed to cause infertility would be that large I can´t see it happening without being intended.
Have the indirect cumulative exposure enough potential to lower spermatogenesis and weaken the spermcount in long run we don´t know.
For the risk management we can have an influence using the application in responsible manner and keeping the application times and occasions as low as possible.
It is possible that the direct exposure of the ultrasound wavefront can cause infertility in a spectrum of reversible to permanent.
In several animal models, including rats, monkeys, cats and dogs the one 15min treatment for testicles with 1 MHz 1-2 w/cm^2 can cause reversible infertility for six months. With a more treatments it is possible to cause even permanent infertility.
The testosterone levels being normal after the treatment suggest that the ultrasound does not affect the Leydig cells though.
Similar results had been seen from men exposed to US in the attached study.
Therefor we need to respect the safety protocol , testicles should not be exposed to the propagating wavefront.
The possibility for reflections should be taken in account as well.
Heating at the penile cruzes or at the base the transducer should be pointed away from the testicles.
Avoiding the exposure of scrotum should be safer as well, minimizing the reflective exposure on testes.
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